New Chronology

Reconsidering the Foundations of Historical Dating

The universally accepted version of world history was constructed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries by Joseph Scaliger and Dionysius Petavius. Using mathematical statistics, astronomical analysis, and extensive documentary research, Fomenko and Nosovsky argue this chronological framework contains fundamental errors of magnitude. Their work intersects with Archaix’s independent cyclical history model, suggesting that major historical narratives contain compressed timelines and cyclical patterns repeating across purportedly distinct periods.

One might argue that the “ancient” civilizations of Rome, Greece, and Egypt are not separated from contemporary periods by millennia but rather are medieval phenomena. On this view, the Mongol invasion did not occur as conventionally understood. Great Tartary was the largest state in the world. History was deliberately falsified in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. According to the New Chronology framework, what is termed “Antiquity” refers to events occurring 300 — 400 years ago; “High Antiquity” designates the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries; before the tenth and eleventh centuries lies what the theory calls the “epoch of silence.”

The Reconstruction of Historical Narrative

The Reinterpretation of the Mongol-Tartar Period

A further question arises regarding the Mongol-Tartar invasion narrative. On the Fomenko-Nosovsky analysis, this was not a foreign conquest but the military unification of Russia under the Horde, understood as the professional Russian army. “Mongol” derived from the Greek “Megalion” (meaning great), rather than referring to the geographic region of modern Mongolia. Modern Mongolia did not exist as an independent state until 1911. Before that period, Mongols had no documented knowledge of “Genghis Khan” or their supposed world conquest. These narratives were, on this account, introduced by Soviet historians in the twentieth century. The Horde is understood as the Russian military apparatus. “Khan” is analyzed as a military title (comparable to the German “Konig”). This interpretation explains several otherwise anomalous features: the absence of archaeological evidence for Mongol cities in Mongolia, the ease with which Russian and “Mongol” noble families intermarried, the use of Russian and Arabic rather than Mongolian in “Mongol” administration, and the flourishing of Russian churches under “Mongol” rule.

Great Tartary and Continental Reorganization

According to the 1771 Britannica, Great Tartary was the world’s largest state, spanning from Siberia to North America. It vanished from later editions without explanation. The Romanovs and early United States divided its territories following what is designated “Pugachev’s rebellion.” Moscow Tartary, on this account, spanned the Urals, Siberia, Central Asia, the Far East, Alaska, and North America. The conflict between Moscow Tartary and Romanov Russia concluded in the second half of the eighteenth century with the famous “peasant war” against “Pugachev.” Only after this victory did European emigrants on the Atlantic seaboard venture westward. In 1776, directly after the defeat of “Pugachev,” the United States of America emerged. The “War of Independence,” on this interpretation, was actually the struggle for parceling the vast American lands of the Russian Horde.

Christ in the Medieval Period

A central claim of New Chronology holds that Jesus Christ was born in 1152 and crucified in Constantinople in 1185. He is identified with Byzantine Emperor Andronicus I Comnenus. The Crusades are understood as revenge expeditions for his death, launched from Russia-Horde. Andronicus I Comnenus matches the Gospel accounts in remarkable detail: he entered Constantinople triumphantly, drove money-changers and corrupt officials from power, was beloved by common people and hated by elites, was betrayed by close associates, subjected to torture and public execution. The Shroud of Turin may preserve his image.

Rome Founded in the Fourteenth Century

Ancient Rome was founded in Italy in the fourteenth century A.D. On this view, “Ancient” Greece consisted of medieval Crusader settlements. The “Trojan War” occurred in the thirteenth century as revenge for Christ’s crucifixion. Troy, Constantinople, Jerusalem, and Czar-Grad are understood as referring to the same city at different periods or in different linguistic traditions. “Helen of Troy” is reinterpreted as a reflection of the Virgin Mary. After Troy’s fall, refugees migrated in multiple directions. Aeneas traveled to Russia, where he appears in chronicles as Ryurik, founder of the Russian royal dynasty.

Medieval Origins of Egyptian Monuments

The pyramids of Giza, on the New Chronology, were built between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries as the royal cemetery of the “Mongolian” Empire. All Egyptian horoscopes carved in stone decode to medieval dates. The Sphinx exhibits construction techniques characteristic of medieval engineering. Fomenko was the first to systematically decipher and date all Egyptian horoscopes, consistently obtaining medieval dates. The Dendera Zodiac dates to 1168 A.D. rather than 50 B.C.; zodiacs in the Valley of the Kings date to the twelfth through fifteenth centuries.

The Great Falsification

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the victors of the Reformation wars rewrote history. The Romanovs employed German historians to fabricate Russian history. Ancient texts were forged or backdated. The Scaligerian timeline was imposed globally. Joseph Scaliger created the chronological framework still employed today. His “De Emendatione Temporum” (1583) established dates for ancient history that all subsequent historians have accepted. Dionysius Petavius, a Jesuit, refined Scaliger’s system. Together they created “ancient” Egypt, Greece, Rome, and Babylon, separating recent events by fictional millennia. Kepler himself expressed doubts: “Scaliger me seduxit” (Scaliger deceived me) and “Terret me studium chronologicum” (Chronological study terrifies me).

Methodological Approaches

Astronomical Dating — Analysis of eclipses, zodiacs, and star catalogues reveals significant chronological issues. The Almagest star positions suggest medieval rather than ancient observations. By analyzing systematic errors in star positions, astronomers can determine when observations were actually conducted. The Almagest star catalogue was compiled between 600 and 1300 A.D., with the most probable date around the tenth through eleventh centuries. This aligns with patterns documented through precession calculations and cosmic age dating.

Statistical Analysis — Dynasty correlation matrices reveal that supposedly different ancient dynasties are statistical duplicates of the same medieval rulers. Using statistical analysis of reign lengths, Fomenko discovered that supposedly different ancient dynasties are mathematical duplicates. Roman emperors correspond to Byzantine emperors, which correspond to Holy Roman emperors, which correspond to Russian tsars — each shifted in time.

Textual Fingerprinting — Author-invariant analysis of chronicles shows systematic copying and backdating of historical narratives.

Artifact Analysis — Examination of construction techniques, materials, and artistic styles reveals medieval origins for “ancient” monuments. French materials scientist Joseph Davidovits demonstrated that pyramid blocks display characteristics of cast limestone concrete rather than quarried stone. The construction techniques and acoustic engineering principles encoded into pyramid geometry suggest sophisticated understanding rather than primitive engineering.

Timeline of the Reconstructed History

Eleventh Century — The First Rome emerges in Constantinople (Czar-Grad). This is the understood true origin point of the Imperial tradition. The epoch before this is the “silence of written documents” — not because records were lost, but because civilization as presently understood had not yet begun.

Twelfth Century — Birth of Christ in 1152, crucifixion in 1185 at Constantinople. The evangelical events occur. Christianity spreads through the Empire. The Crusades begin as military expeditions of revenge.

Thirteenth Century — The legendary Trojan War occurs as the siege of Constantinople by revenge-seeking forces. After the fall, Trojan refugees migrate to Vladimir-Suzdal Russia. Russia-Horde emerges as a powerful multinational state.

Fourteenth Century — Ivan Kalita, understood as equivalent to Batu Khan, launches the Western campaign. The “Mongol invasion” is actually the unification of Eurasia under Russia-Horde. Genghis Khan is understood as Georgiy Danilovich. The Kulikovo Field battle (1380) establishes Moscow as capital. Pyramids are constructed in Egypt as Imperial burial sites.

Fifteenth Century — The Ottoman Empire (Atamans understood as Cossack leaders) merges with Russia-Horde. America is discovered and colonized by the Empire. Noah’s Ark is reinterpreted as Columbus’s expedition.

Sixteenth Century — Religious schism in Western Europe occurs. Ivan the Terrible prepares punitive campaigns against reformers. Shakespeare writes about twelfth through sixteenth century Imperial history, not fiction. Hamlet is understood as a reflection of Christ (Andronicus) and John the Baptist.

Seventeenth Century — The Romanovs seize power through conspiracy. German historians rewrite Russian history. Scaliger and Petavius construct the false ancient chronology. Original documents are destroyed or altered.

The Scholars

Anatoly T. Fomenko (born 1945) is a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and head of the Department of Differential Geometry at Moscow State University. Winner of the 1996 State Prize of the Russian Federation in Mathematics, he is author of over 250 scientific works and 24 monographs. His expertise encompasses geometry, topology, calculus of variations, symplectic topology, and Hamiltonian mechanics. He developed the mathematical methods underlying New Chronology research beginning in 1973.

Gleb V. Nosovsky (born 1958) holds a Candidate of Physical-Mathematical Sciences degree and specializes in probability theory, mathematical statistics, stochastic processes, and computer modeling. He worked at the Space Research Institute (Moscow) and University of Aizu (Japan). He joined New Chronology research in 1981 and has been co-author of all major works with Fomenko since the 1990s. He serves as primary researcher on documentary evidence and historical analysis.

New Chronology.